Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) occurs when the stomach contents come up (reflux) into the throat and the voice box. Other conditions that can cause excess mucus production that leads to chronic cough and vomiting of phlegm include laryngopharyngeal reflux and bronchiectasis. Other possible causes include the presence of foreign body in the nose, pregnancy, deviated septum, certain medications, changes in weather and humidity, certain foods, chemicals, and irritants. Postnasal drip may caused by various conditions such as colds, flu, sinusitis, and allergic conditions. Postnasal drip is the most common cause of chronic cough and copious mucus secretion. It may come out of the nose, a condition we call runny nose, or it may run down at the back of the throat as postnasal drip. We experience uncomfortable symptoms when the body produces more than the normal amount of mucus or if the mucus is thicker than usual. However, we do not normally feel the mucus coming up because it mixes with other secretions like saliva and drips down at the back of the throat and is continuously swallowed throughout the day. It also helps to trap and neutralize viruses and bacteria to prevent infection. Mucus is important to keep these areas moist. In fact, the mucus glands in the lining of the nose, airways, throat, stomach, and intestines produce up to two quarts of mucus daily.
It is normal for everyone to produce a certain amount of mucus daily. It is common to experience these symptoms in the morning after getting up because mucus tends to pool in the throat while we are in a recumbent position. Sometimes it gets so bad it can feel like vomiting, or it may really cause one to vomit after coughing up phlegm. Steroids may be used to treat inflammation causing the bleeding.Coughing up a lot of mucus or phlegm in the morning is a common complaint many doctors get from their patients. Antibiotics may be prescribed for pneumonia or tuberculosis.
Surgery and cancer treatment may be required if it is discovered your condition is caused by a tumor. First, they may seek to stop the bleeding by embolizing (blocking) a bleeding artery or through a bronchoscopy. Once the cause of coughing up blood is determined, your physician will talk with you about the best treatment plan that will address both your symptoms and the underlying condition. However, if your coughing up of blood continues or worsens you should seek medical care. Mild and temporary coughing up of blood can be treated by cough suppressants. Pulmonary arteriography to see how blood flows through your lungs.A sputum culture of your lung excretions to look for infection.Bronchoscopy (a flexible tube inserted through the nose or mouth) to check if the airways are clear.Chest X-ray to look for tumors or fluid in the lungs.Your healthcare provider will begin an exam by asking how much blood you have been coughing up, for how long and how much is mixed with mucus. Since coughing up blood can range from mild to serious, it's important to diagnose the underlying cause of your symptoms so that you can be properly treated.
How is the cause of coughing up blood diagnosed?
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